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An old issue and a new challenge for nuclear reactor safety

F. D’AURIA

Frontiers in Energy 2021, Volume 15, Issue 4, Pages 854-859 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0729-0

Abstract: Nuclear reactor safety (NRS) and the branch accident analysis (AA) constitute proven technologies: theseLarge break loss of coolant accident (LBLOCA) has been, so far, the orienting scenario within AA andElectronic and informatics systems were in extensive use and their impact in case of accident becomesmore and more un-checked (however, quite irrelevant in case of LBLOCA).The present paper deals with the LBLOCA that is inserted into the above context.

Keywords： large break loss of coolant accident (LBLOCA) nuclear reactor safety (NRS) licensing perspectives basis

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Oxidation performance of graphite material in reactors

LUO Xiaowei, YU Xinli, YU Suyuan

Frontiers in Energy 2008, Volume 2, Issue 4, Pages 471-474 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0074-6

Abstract: graphite oxidation influences the safety and operation of the reactor because of the impurities in the coolantand/or the accident conditions, such as water ingress and air ingress.

Keywords： ingress accident oxidation coolant moderator

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Experimental study of critical flow of water at supercritical pressure

Yuzhou CHEN, Chunsheng YANG, Shuming ZHANG, Minfu ZHAO, Kaiwen DU, Xu CHENG

Frontiers in Energy 2009, Volume 3, Issue 2, Pages 175-180 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0029-6

Abstract: Experimental studies of the critical flow of water were conducted under steady-state conditions with a nozzle 1.41 mm in diameter and 4.35 mm in length, covering the inlet pressure range of 22.1-26.8 MPa and inlet temperature range of 38-474°C. The parametric trend of the flow rate was investigated, and the experimental data were compared with the predictions of the homogeneous equilibrium model, the Bernoulli correlation, and the models used in the reactor safety analysis code RELAP5/MOD3.3. It is concluded that in the near or beyond pseudo-critical region, thermal-dynamic equilibrium is dominant, and at a lower temperature, choking does not occur. The onset of the choking condition is not predicted reasonably by the RELAP5 code.

Keywords： critical flow supercritical water-cooled reactor(SCWR) reactor safety loss of coolant accident(LOCA)

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Latest research progress for LBE coolant reactor of China initiative accelerator driven system project

Frontiers in Energy 2021, Volume 15, Issue 4, Pages 810-831 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0760-1

Abstract: and the comprehensive thermal-hydraulic and material test facilities for LBE (lead bismuth eutectic) coolantPhysical and thermal experiments and software development for LBE coolant were conducted simultaneously

Keywords： LBE (lead bismuth eutectic) coolant reactor China initiative Accelerator Driven System (CiADS) project

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Liquid metal as energy transportation medium or coolant under harsh environment with temperature below

Yunxia GAO, Lei WANG, Haiyan LI, Jing LIU

Frontiers in Energy 2014, Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages 49-61 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0285-3

Abstract: or its alloys could significantly reduce the electronics temperature compared with the conventional coolantFinally, some main factors for optimization of low temperature coolant were summarized.

Keywords： liquid metal cryogenics low melting point thermal management aircraft liquid cooling space exploration

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Analysis of a 1 kW organic Rankine cycle using a scroll expander for engine coolant and exhaust heat

Yiji LU, Anthony Paul ROSKILLY, Long JIANG, Longfei CHEN, Xiaoli YU

Frontiers in Energy 2017, Volume 11, Issue 4, Pages 527-534 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0516-0

Abstract: This paper presented the study of engine coolant and exhaust heat recovery using organic Rankine cyclesystem mainly focusing on the utilization of exhaust energy, this work proposed to fully use the engine coolantevaluation results suggest that under the engine rated condition, the solution to fully recover the engine coolant

Keywords： organic Rankine cycle scroll expander coolant and exhaust recovery internal combustion engine

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Genetic Study Identifies CBLN4 as a Novel Susceptibility Gene for Accident Proneness

Shu-lin Zhang,Hui-qing Jin,Yang Song,Wan-sheng Yu,Liang-dan Sun

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2016, Volume 3, Issue 1, Pages 30-38 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016008

Abstract: The accident-prone driver who has the stable physiological, psychological, and behavioral characteristicsThe internal link between the individual characteristics and the accident proneness has been a difficultpoint in the accident prevention research.The authors selected accident-prone drivers as cases and safe drivers as controls (case-control groupIt is suggested that the accident-prone drivers may have the idiosyncrasy of susceptibility.

Keywords： accident proneness genome-wide association study (GWAS) dopamine (DA) ACTH susceptibility gene trafficaccident epidemiology accident prevention traffic safety three-dimensional model

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Study on Inherent Safety-based Industrial Accident Risk Management Method

Wu Zongzhi

Strategic Study of CAE 2007, Volume 9, Issue 5, Pages 46-49

Abstract: procedural safeguard, layers of protection and the standards of function safety to reduce the accident

Keywords： inherent safety risk management accident prevention safety design

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Total phosphorus accident pollution and emergency response study based on geographic information system

Aifeng Zhai, Xiaowen Ding, Lin Liu, Quan Zhu, Guohe Huang

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 3, doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1223-3

Abstract: A new algorithm of two-dimensional water quantity and the quality model was built. The migration and diffusion of TP was simulated. The emergency measures for sudden water pollution accidents was proposed. In recent years, sudden water pollution accidents in China’s rivers have become more frequent, resulting in considerable effects on environmental safety. Therefore, it is necessary to simulate and predict pollution accidents. Simulation and prediction provide strong support for emergency disposal and disaster reduction. This paper describes a new two-dimensional water quantity and the quality model that incorporates a digital elevation model into the geographic information system. The model is used to simulate sudden water pollution accidents in the main stream of the Yangtze River and Jialing River in the Chongqing section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area. The sectional velocity distribution and concentration change of total phosphorus are then analyzed under four hydrological situations. The results show that the proposed model accurately simulates and predicts the concentration change and migration process of total phosphorus under sudden water pollution accidents. The speed of migration and diffusion of pollutants is found to be greatest in the flood season, followed by the water storage period, drawdown season, and dry season, in that order. The selection of an appropriate water scheduling scheme can reduce the peak concentration of river pollutants. This study enables the impact of pollutants on the ecological environment of river water to be alleviated, and provides a scientific basis for the emergency response to sudden water pollution accidents in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.

Keywords： Sudden water pollution accident Total phosphorus Predictive model Contaminant simulation Water scheduling

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The Hypothesis of Safety Theory

Yu Haiyong,Li Fang

Strategic Study of CAE 2006, Volume 8, Issue 10, Pages 85-88

Abstract: Three basic types of accidents are proposed in this paper, that is, inevitable, random and man-fault accident

Keywords： safety theory accident type mathematical equation accident prevention

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The important revelation of “7·23” passenger train accident

Sun Yongfu

Strategic Study of CAE 2012, Volume 14, Issue 12, Pages 4-9

Abstract: p style="text-align: justify;">The process and reasons of “7·23” passenger train accident

Keywords： passenger train accident the research and development management the access management the emergency

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Simulation analysis of environmental risk accident and management of high-sulfur gas field development

WANG Xiao, HAO Fanghua, ZHANG Xuan, SUN Wen, CHENG Hongguang

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2008, Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages 318-325 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0033-9

Abstract: Environmental risk of high sulfur gas field exploitation has become one of the hot spots of environmental management studies. Severe gas HS blowout accidents in recent years have shown that poor understanding and estimates of the poisonous gas movement could lead to dangerous evacuation delays. It is important to evaluate the real concentration of HS, especially in complex terrain. Traditional experiential models are not valid in the case of rough terrain, especially in low-lying areas where the gas accumulates. This study, using high sulfur content gas field of Sichuan “Pu Guang gas field” as study object and adopting objective diagnosis of wind field of land following coordinate three dimensions, applied Lagrangian Puff Model and breaking up technique of puffs to simulate the HS diffusion condition of blowout accidents produced in the high sulfur content gas field of complex terrain area. The results showed that the HS distribution did not occur mainly in low wind direction, and due to the obstruction of the mountain’s body, it accumulated in front of mountain on produced turn over, flowed around submitted jumping type distribution. The mountain waist near the hilltop and low hollow river valley site rapture points simulating contrast showed that the higher the rapture point, the better the diffusing condition of pollutant, the distribution of risk sensitive point decided piping rupture environmental risk size combining the HS diffusion result and residential area dispersing in the study area, synthetic judge located in the high rapture point environmental risk was smaller than the low hollow point, thus it was suggested to carryout laying of lining build of equal high line of higher terrain. According to simulation results, the environmental risk management measures aimed at putting down adverse effects were worked out.

Keywords： mountain ’ rapture Lagrangian hollow produced

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Nanoparticle-enhanced coolants in machining: mechanism, application, and prospects

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2023, Volume 18, Issue 4, doi: 10.1007/s11465-023-0769-8

Abstract: Nanoparticle-enhanced coolants (NPECs) are increasingly used in minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) machining as a green lubricant to replace conventional cutting fluids to meet the urgent need for carbon emissions and achieve sustainable manufacturing. However, the thermophysical properties of NPEC during processing remain unclear, making it difficult to provide precise guidance and selection principles for industrial applications. Therefore, this paper reviews the action mechanism, processing properties, and future development directions of NPEC. First, the laws of influence of nano-enhanced phases and base fluids on the processing performance are revealed, and the dispersion stabilization mechanism of NPEC in the preparation process is elaborated. Then, the unique molecular structure and physical properties of NPECs are combined to elucidate their unique mechanisms of heat transfer, penetration, and anti-friction effects. Furthermore, the effect of NPECs is investigated on the basis of their excellent lubricating and cooling properties by comprehensively and quantitatively evaluating the material removal characteristics during machining in turning, milling, and grinding applications. Results showed that turning of Ti‒6Al‒4V with multi-walled carbon nanotube NPECs with a volume fraction of 0.2% resulted in a 34% reduction in tool wear, an average decrease in cutting force of 28%, and a 7% decrease in surface roughness Ra, compared with the conventional flood process. Finally, research gaps and future directions for further applications of NPECs in the industry are presented.

Keywords： nanoparticle-enhanced coolant minimum quantity lubrication biolubricant thermophysical properties

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Steady-state thermal-hydraulic analysis of SCWR assembly

LIU Xiaojing, CHENG Xu

Frontiers in Energy 2008, Volume 2, Issue 4, Pages 475-478 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0093-3

Abstract: international forum (GIF), supercritical water-cooled reactor (SCWR), the only reactor with water as coolant

Keywords： cladding temperature assembly temperature coolant resistance

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Insight of chemical environmental risk and its management from the vinyl chloride accident

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 4, doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1652-x

Abstract: The combustion of vinyl chloride (VC) after the train derailment accident in Ohio, USA in February, 2023This paper tried to analyze several issues concerning the accident, including the appropriateness ofthe VC combustion in the emergency response in this accident, the meanings of so-called “controlled combustionIn our view, this accident had surely caused environmental and health risks to some extent.Finally, this accident suggests that further efforts should be taken to bridge the gap between chemical

Keywords： Vinyl chloride Combustion Chemical safety management Environmental risk Emerging contaminants